GI Tract

Series of organs forming the digestive system.

Anatomy / Physiology

Gait

Pattern of movement during walking or running.

Biomechanics / Motion Analysis

Galactose

Simple sugar found in dairy products.

Chemistry / Nutrition

Gallbladder

Organ that stores and releases bile.

Anatomy / Physiology

Gamma Rays

High-frequency electromagnetic radiation.

Physics

Ganglion

Cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the CNS.

Anatomy / Physiology

Gaseous Exchange

Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion in lungs/tissues.

Physiology / Exercise Physiology

Gastric Juice

Digestive fluid in the stomach containing acid and enzymes.

Physiology

Gastrin

Hormone stimulating gastric acid secretion.

Physiology

Gastrocnemius

Major calf muscle involved in plantarflexion.

Anatomy / Strength & Conditioning

Gastroenteritis

Inflammation of stomach and intestines, often viral.

Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD)

Condition where stomach acid flows back into esophagus.

Pathophysiology

Gene

Unit of heredity made of DNA.

Genetics

Gene Expression

Process of translating genetic information into proteins.

Genetics / Biology

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Stress response stages: alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

Sport Psychology / Physiology

Generalization

Transfer of learned response to similar situations.

Psychology

Genome

Complete set of genetic material in an organism.

Genetics

Genotype

Genetic makeup of an organism.

Genetics

Genu Valgum

Knock-knee alignment condition.

Anatomy / Sport Injury

Genu Varum

Bow-legged alignment condition.

Anatomy / Sport Injury

Geotropism

Growth movement in response to gravity.

Biology

Gestalt Psychology

School of psychology focusing on holistic perception.

Psychology

Gestation

Period of development in the uterus.

Physiology

Ghrelin

Hormone stimulating hunger.

Physiology / Nutrition

Giant Cell Arteritis

Inflammatory disease of blood vessels in older adults.

Pathophysiology

Glans Penis

Sensitive tip of the penis.

Anatomy

Glial Cells

Support cells of the nervous system.

Neuroscience / Physiology

Glomerulus

Capillary network in kidneys filtering blood.

Anatomy / Physiology

Glottis

Space between vocal cords.

Anatomy

Glucagon

Hormone raising blood glucose levels.

Physiology

Glucocorticoids

Steroid hormones involved in metabolism and stress response.

Physiology

Gluconeogenesis

Formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

Biochemistry

Glucose

Simple sugar, primary energy source.

Biochemistry / Nutrition

Gluteus Maximus

Large hip muscle for extension and power.

Anatomy / Strength & Conditioning

Gluteus Medius

Hip muscle important for stabilization.

Anatomy / Strength & Conditioning

Gluteus Minimus

Smallest gluteal muscle aiding abduction.

Anatomy

Glycemic Index

Ranking of foods by blood sugar response.

Nutrition

Glycogen

Storage form of glucose in muscles and liver.

Physiology / Exercise Physiology

Glycogenolysis

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose.

Biochemistry

Glycolysis

Metabolic pathway breaking down glucose for energy.

Biochemistry / Exercise Physiology

Glycoprotein

Protein with carbohydrate groups attached.

Biochemistry

Glycosuria

Presence of glucose in urine, often diabetes-related.

Pathophysiology

Goiter

Enlarged thyroid gland.

Pathophysiology

Golgi Apparatus

Organelle modifying and packaging proteins.

Biology

Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)

Sensory receptor detecting muscle tension.

Physiology / Motor Behavior

Gonadotropin

Hormones regulating gonads (LH, FSH).

Endocrinology

Gonads

Primary reproductive organs (testes, ovaries).

Anatomy / Physiology

Goniometer

Device measuring joint angles.

Biomechanics / Motion Analysis

Good Samaritan Law

Legal protection for people aiding in emergencies.

First Aid / ACLS

Gracilis

Long thin thigh muscle aiding adduction.

Anatomy

Graded Exercise Test (GXT)

Exercise test with progressive workload to assess fitness.

Exercise Testing

Gradient

Difference in concentration, pressure, or potential.

Physics / Physiology

Graft

Transplanted tissue from one body site to another.

Medicine

Grand Mal Seizure

Severe seizure with convulsions and loss of consciousness.

Pathophysiology / First Aid

Granulocyte

Type of white blood cell containing granules.

Biology

Gray Matter

Brain and spinal cord tissue with neuron bodies.

Anatomy

Greenstick Fracture

Incomplete fracture common in children.

Sport Injury / Pathophysiology

Grip Strength

Measure of hand muscular force.

Exercise Physiology

Growth Hormone (GH)

Hormone stimulating tissue growth and metabolism.

Physiology

Growth Mindset

Belief that abilities can be developed through effort.

Sport Psychology / Psychology

Guanine

One of the four nitrogenous bases in DNA/RNA.

Genetics

Guarding

Protective muscle contraction in response to injury.

Sport Injury / Physiology

Guillain-Barré Syndrome

Autoimmune disorder causing peripheral nerve damage.

Pathophysiology

Gyrus

Ridge on the cerebral cortex surface.

Anatomy / Neuroscience